# Talos Linux Upgrades and System Extensions

Guide for upgrading Talos versions and adding system extensions to the fastpass cluster.

## Table of Contents

- [System Extensions](#system-extensions)
- [Upgrading Talos Versions](#upgrading-talos-versions)
- [Rolling Upgrades (Workers)](#rolling-upgrades-workers)
- [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)

---

## System Extensions

System extensions in Talos v1.13+ are baked into custom boot images via **schematics** and the Talos Image Factory, not loaded at runtime.

### Adding Extensions

Edit `talhelper/talconfig.yaml` and add extensions to the worker or control plane section:

```yaml
# ─── Worker patches ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
worker:
  schematic:
    customization:
      systemExtensions:
        officialExtensions:
          - siderolabs/iscsi-tools
          - siderolabs/util-linux-tools
  patches:
    - |-
      machine:
        kernel:
          modules:
            - name: iscsi_tcp
            - name: dm_multipath
```

**Common extensions:**
- `siderolabs/iscsi-tools` - iSCSI initiator utilities
- `siderolabs/util-linux-tools` - Multipath and storage utilities
- `siderolabs/qemu-guest-agent` - Proxmox/QEMU guest agent
- `siderolabs/nvidia-container-toolkit` - NVIDIA GPU support

**Browse available extensions:**
```bash
curl -s https://factory.talos.dev/schematics | jq '.extensions[] | .name'
```

### Applying Extensions

Extensions require an **upgrade** (new OS image), not `apply-config`:

```bash
cd /opt/git/homelab/talos/talhelper

# 1. Generate configs with schematic
talhelper genconfig

# 2. Generate upgrade commands
talhelper gencommand upgrade --extra-flags="--preserve"

# 3. Copy the output commands and run them one node at a time
# Example output:
# talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.69 --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic>:v1.13.2 --preserve
```

**Manual rolling upgrade for workers:**

```bash
# Worker 1
talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.69 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic-id>:v1.13.2 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/jungle-cruise --timeout=10m
sleep 30

# Worker 2
talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.70 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic-id>:v1.13.2 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/haunted-mansion --timeout=10m
sleep 30

# Worker 3
talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.71 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic-id>:v1.13.2 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/peter-pans-flight --timeout=10m
```

**Verify extensions:**

```bash
# List installed extensions
talosctl -n 10.1.71.69 get extensions

# Verify specific modules
talosctl -n 10.1.71.69 read /proc/modules | grep iscsi
```

---

## Upgrading Talos Versions

### Pre-Upgrade Checklist

1. **Review release notes:** https://github.com/siderolabs/talos/releases
2. **Check Kubernetes compatibility:** Ensure your K8s version is supported
3. **Backup etcd:** Control plane data
4. **Take VM snapshots:** If running on Proxmox/vSphere
5. **Check extension compatibility:** Ensure extensions exist for new Talos version

### Upgrade Process

#### Step 1: Update talconfig.yaml

```yaml
clusterName: fastpass
talosVersion: v1.14.0  # <- Update this
kubernetesVersion: v1.32.3
```

#### Step 2: Regenerate Configs

```bash
cd /opt/git/homelab/talos/talhelper
talhelper genconfig
```

#### Step 3: Upgrade Control Plane (One at a Time)

```bash
# Generate upgrade commands
talhelper gencommand upgrade --extra-flags="--preserve"

# Control plane node 1
talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.66 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic>:v1.14.0 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/space-mountain --timeout=10m
sleep 60

# Control plane node 2
talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.67 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic>:v1.14.0 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/big-thunder-mountain --timeout=10m
sleep 60

# Control plane node 3
talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.68 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic>:v1.14.0 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/splash-mountain --timeout=10m
sleep 60
```

**IMPORTANT:** Always upgrade control plane nodes **one at a time** with sufficient wait between each. Etcd requires quorum (2 of 3 nodes) to remain operational.

#### Step 4: Upgrade Workers (Rolling)

After all control plane nodes are upgraded:

```bash
# Worker nodes (can be faster since no etcd)
talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.69 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic>:v1.14.0 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/jungle-cruise --timeout=10m
sleep 30

talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.70 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic>:v1.14.0 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/haunted-mansion --timeout=10m
sleep 30

talosctl upgrade --nodes 10.1.71.71 \
  --image factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic>:v1.14.0 \
  --preserve
kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/peter-pans-flight --timeout=10m
```

#### Step 5: Verify Cluster

```bash
# Check all nodes
kubectl get nodes -o wide

# Verify Talos version
talosctl -n 10.1.71.66,10.1.71.67,10.1.71.68 version

# Check cluster health
kubectl get pods -A | grep -v Running
talosctl -n 10.1.71.66 service kubelet status
```

---

## Rolling Upgrades (Workers)

### Automated Rolling Upgrade Script

```bash
#!/bin/bash
# rolling-upgrade-workers.sh

set -e

IMAGE="$1"
if [ -z "$IMAGE" ]; then
  echo "Usage: $0 <image-url>"
  echo "Example: $0 factory.talos.dev/installer/abc123:v1.14.0"
  exit 1
fi

declare -A WORKERS=(
  ["jungle-cruise"]="10.1.71.69"
  ["haunted-mansion"]="10.1.71.70"
  ["peter-pans-flight"]="10.1.71.71"
)

for worker in "${!WORKERS[@]}"; do
  ip="${WORKERS[$worker]}"
  echo "=========================================="
  echo "Upgrading $worker ($ip)..."
  echo "=========================================="
  
  talosctl upgrade --nodes ${ip} --image ${IMAGE} --preserve
  
  echo "Waiting for $worker to be Ready..."
  kubectl wait --for=condition=Ready node/${worker} --timeout=10m
  
  echo "$worker upgrade complete. Sleeping 30s before next node..."
  sleep 30
done

echo "=========================================="
echo "All workers upgraded successfully!"
echo "=========================================="
```

**Usage:**

```bash
cd /opt/git/homelab/talos/talhelper
chmod +x rolling-upgrade-workers.sh

# Get the image URL from talhelper
IMAGE=$(grep "image:" clusterconfig/fastpass-jungle-cruise.yaml | head -1 | awk '{print $2}')

# Run the rolling upgrade
./rolling-upgrade-workers.sh "$IMAGE"
```

---

## Upgrading Kubernetes Version

Talos manages Kubernetes. To upgrade K8s:

### Step 1: Update talconfig.yaml

```yaml
clusterName: fastpass
talosVersion: v1.14.0
kubernetesVersion: v1.33.0  # <- Update this
```

### Step 2: Regenerate and Apply

```bash
cd /opt/git/homelab/talos/talhelper
talhelper genconfig

# Apply config changes (does NOT require node reboot)
talosctl -n 10.1.71.66,10.1.71.67,10.1.71.68 upgrade-k8s --to v1.33.0
```

**The `upgrade-k8s` command:**
- Upgrades control plane components (apiserver, scheduler, controller-manager) first
- Then upgrades kubelet on all nodes
- Does NOT reboot nodes (in-place upgrade)
- Automatic rolling update

**Verify:**

```bash
kubectl get nodes -o wide
# Check both Talos version and Kubernetes version columns
```

---

## Troubleshooting

### Extension Not Found Error

**Error:** `module not found` when loading kernel modules

**Cause:** Module isn't in the base Talos image or extension wasn't applied

**Fix:**
1. Check if extension exists: `curl -s https://factory.talos.dev/schematics | jq '.extensions[] | select(.name | contains("iscsi"))'`
2. Verify schematic in config: `grep -A10 "schematic:" talhelper/talconfig.yaml`
3. Confirm extension is loaded: `talosctl -n <node-ip> get extensions`

### Upgrade Fails with "invalid reference format"

**Error:** `failed to parse image reference`

**Cause:** Incorrect image URL format or missing schematic

**Fix:**
1. Manually check generated image URL: `grep "image:" clusterconfig/fastpass-<node>.yaml`
2. Use talhelper's upgrade command generator: `talhelper gencommand upgrade`
3. Ensure format is: `factory.talos.dev/installer/<schematic-id>:<version>`

### Node Stuck in "NotReady" After Upgrade

**Symptoms:** Node shows NotReady for >5 minutes post-upgrade

**Debug:**
```bash
# Check node status
kubectl describe node <node-name>

# Check Talos services
talosctl -n <node-ip> service kubelet status
talosctl -n <node-ip> service containerd status

# Check logs
talosctl -n <node-ip> logs kubelet
talosctl -n <node-ip> dmesg | tail -50
```

**Common causes:**
- Network policy blocking CNI (Cilium)
- iSCSI/storage mounts failing
- Kernel module load failure
- Certificate rotation issues

### Control Plane Quorum Lost

**Symptoms:** `etcdserver: no leader` errors, apiserver unavailable

**Prevention:**
- **NEVER** upgrade more than 1 control plane node simultaneously
- Always wait for full Ready status + 60s between CP upgrades
- Verify etcd health before proceeding: `talosctl -n 10.1.71.66 service etcd status`

**Recovery:**
If quorum is lost (2 of 3 nodes down):
```bash
# Wait for at least 2 nodes to come back online
# Check etcd cluster status
talosctl -n 10.1.71.66,10.1.71.67,10.1.71.68 service etcd status

# If completely broken, may require etcd disaster recovery
# See: https://www.talos.dev/v1.13/advanced/disaster-recovery/
```

---

## Quick Reference

### Check Current Versions

```bash
# Talos version on all nodes
talosctl -n 10.1.71.66,10.1.71.67,10.1.71.68,10.1.71.69,10.1.71.70,10.1.71.71 version

# Kubernetes version
kubectl version

# Installed extensions
talosctl -n 10.1.71.69 get extensions
```

### Safe Upgrade Order

1. ✅ Control plane node 1 → wait → verify
2. ✅ Control plane node 2 → wait → verify
3. ✅ Control plane node 3 → wait → verify
4. ✅ Worker nodes (can be parallel or rolling)

### Config Changes vs. OS Upgrades

| Change Type | Command | Reboot Required? |
|-------------|---------|------------------|
| Network config, sysctls, files | `talosctl apply-config --mode=reboot` | Yes |
| Kubernetes version | `talosctl upgrade-k8s` | No |
| Talos version | `talosctl upgrade` | Yes |
| System extensions | `talosctl upgrade` | Yes |

---

## Links

- Talos Releases: https://github.com/siderolabs/talos/releases
- Talos Image Factory: https://factory.talos.dev
- Extension Catalog: https://github.com/siderolabs/extensions
- Upgrade Guide: https://www.talos.dev/v1.13/talos-guides/upgrading-talos/
- talhelper Docs: https://budimanjojo.github.io/talhelper/latest/